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NEET Biology Syllabus 2025: Complete Chapter-wise Guide with Topics

Complete NEET 2025 Biology syllabus with all chapters, topics, and sub-topics from Class 11 and 12 NCERT. Official NTA syllabus with preparation tips from AIIMS faculty.

D
Dr. Shekhar
Founder & Senior Faculty
November 28, 2025
15 min read
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Key Takeaways

  • 1NEET 2025 Biology syllabus covers 38 chapters from Class 11 and 12 NCERT
  • 2Biology contributes 360 marks (90 questions) - 50% of total NEET score
  • 3Class 12 Botany and Zoology have slightly higher weightage than Class 11
  • 4Human Physiology and Genetics are the highest-scoring units
  • 5Focus on NCERT textbooks - 95% questions come directly from NCERT

Remember these points for your NEET preparation

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NEET Biology Syllabus 2025: Complete Official Guide

The NEET 2025 Biology syllabus is based on Class 11 and Class 12 NCERT textbooks. With 90 questions worth 360 marks, Biology is the most scoring subject in NEET. This comprehensive guide covers every chapter, topic, and sub-topic you need to study.

NEET 2025 Biology Overview

AspectDetails
Total Questions90 (45 Botany + 45 Zoology)
Total Marks360
Marking Scheme+4 for correct, -1 for wrong
Question SourceClass 11 & 12 NCERT Biology
Exam AuthorityNTA (National Testing Agency)
Exam Date 2025May 4, 2025 (Expected)

Class 11 Biology Syllabus for NEET 2025

Unit 1: Diversity in Living World

This unit introduces the fundamental concepts of biology and classification of organisms.

Chapter 1: The Living World

TopicSub-topics
What is Living?Characteristics of living organisms, Growth, Reproduction, Metabolism, Cellular organization
BiodiversityTypes of biodiversity, Importance
Need for ClassificationTaxonomy, Systematics
Taxonomic CategoriesSpecies, Genus, Family, Order, Class, Phylum, Kingdom
Taxonomical AidsHerbarium, Botanical gardens, Museums, Zoological parks, Keys

Chapter 2: Biological Classification

TopicSub-topics
Two Kingdom ClassificationLimitations
Five Kingdom ClassificationCriteria - Cell structure, Body organization, Mode of nutrition, Reproduction, Phylogenetic relationships
Kingdom MoneraArchaebacteria, Eubacteria, Cyanobacteria, Mycoplasma
Kingdom ProtistaChrysophytes, Dinoflagellates, Euglenoids, Slime moulds, Protozoans
Kingdom FungiStructure, Reproduction, Classes - Phycomycetes, Ascomycetes, Basidiomycetes, Deuteromycetes
Kingdom PlantaeGeneral characteristics
Kingdom AnimaliaGeneral characteristics
Viruses, Viroids, PrionsStructure, Types, Diseases
LichensTypes, Significance

Chapter 3: Plant Kingdom

TopicSub-topics
AlgaeChlorophyceae, Phaeophyceae, Rhodophyceae - Characteristics, Examples, Life cycle
BryophytesLiverworts, Mosses - General characters, Life cycle
PteridophytesGeneral characters, Classification, Life cycle, Heterospory
GymnospermsGeneral characters, Examples, Life cycle
AngiospermsCharacteristics, Classification, Life cycle
Plant Life CyclesHaplontic, Diplontic, Haplo-diplontic
Alternation of GenerationsConcept and significance

Chapter 4: Animal Kingdom

TopicSub-topics
Basis of ClassificationLevels of organization, Symmetry, Diploblastic/Triploblastic, Coelom, Segmentation, Notochord
Phylum PoriferaCharacters, Examples
Phylum CnidariaCharacters, Classes, Examples
Phylum CtenophoraCharacters, Examples
Phylum PlatyhelminthesCharacters, Examples
Phylum AschelminthesCharacters, Examples
Phylum AnnelidaCharacters, Examples
Phylum ArthropodaCharacters, Classes, Examples
Phylum MolluscaCharacters, Examples
Phylum EchinodermataCharacters, Examples
Phylum HemichordataCharacters, Examples
Phylum ChordataSubphyla - Urochordata, Cephalochordata, Vertebrata
Class PiscesCharacters, Examples
Class AmphibiaCharacters, Examples
Class ReptiliaCharacters, Examples
Class AvesCharacters, Examples
Class MammaliaCharacters, Examples

Unit 2: Structural Organisation in Animals and Plants

Chapter 5: Morphology of Flowering Plants

TopicSub-topics
RootTypes, Regions, Modifications
StemCharacteristics, Modifications
LeafParts, Venation, Types, Phyllotaxy, Modifications
InflorescenceTypes - Racemose, Cymose, Special
FlowerParts, Position of ovary, Types
FruitTypes - Simple, Aggregate, Composite
SeedStructure - Dicot, Monocot
Description of FamiliesFabaceae, Solanaceae, Liliaceae

Chapter 6: Anatomy of Flowering Plants

TopicSub-topics
TissuesMeristematic - Apical, Lateral, Intercalary
Permanent TissuesSimple - Parenchyma, Collenchyma, Sclerenchyma
Complex TissuesXylem, Phloem - Components and functions
Tissue SystemEpidermal, Ground, Vascular
Dicot and Monocot RootAnatomy, Differences
Dicot and Monocot StemAnatomy, Differences
Dicot and Monocot LeafAnatomy, Differences
Secondary GrowthIn dicot stem and root

Chapter 7: Structural Organisation in Animals

TopicSub-topics
Animal TissuesEpithelial - Types, Functions
Connective TissueTypes - Loose, Dense, Specialised
Muscular TissueSkeletal, Smooth, Cardiac
Neural TissueStructure, Types of neurons
Organ and Organ SystemMorphology, Anatomy
CockroachExternal morphology, Digestive system, Respiratory system, Circulatory system, Nervous system, Reproductive system

Unit 3: Cell: Structure and Function

Chapter 8: Cell - The Unit of Life

TopicSub-topics
Cell TheoryHistory, Postulates
Overview of CellProkaryotic, Eukaryotic
Prokaryotic CellCell wall, Plasma membrane, Cytoplasm, Ribosomes, Nucleoid, Plasmid
Eukaryotic CellCell wall, Cell membrane, Endomembrane system
Cell OrganellesMitochondria, Plastids, Ribosomes, Cytoskeleton, Cilia, Flagella, Centrioles
NucleusNuclear envelope, Chromatin, Nucleolus
MicrobodiesPeroxisomes

Chapter 9: Biomolecules

TopicSub-topics
Analysis of Chemical CompositionAsh analysis, Elemental composition
Primary MetabolitesCarbohydrates - Monosaccharides, Oligosaccharides, Polysaccharides
Amino AcidsStructure, Types, Essential amino acids
ProteinsStructure - Primary, Secondary, Tertiary, Quaternary
LipidsSimple, Compound, Derived
Nucleic AcidsDNA, RNA - Structure, Types
Secondary MetabolitesAlkaloids, Terpenoids, Pigments
EnzymesNature, Classification, Mechanism, Factors affecting activity

Chapter 10: Cell Cycle and Cell Division

TopicSub-topics
Cell CyclePhases - Interphase (G1, S, G2), M Phase
MitosisProphase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase, Cytokinesis
Significance of MitosisGrowth, Repair, Asexual reproduction
MeiosisMeiosis I - Prophase I stages, Metaphase I, Anaphase I, Telophase I
Meiosis IIProphase II, Metaphase II, Anaphase II, Telophase II
Significance of MeiosisGenetic variation, Gamete formation

Unit 4: Plant Physiology

Chapter 11: Transport in Plants

TopicSub-topics
Means of TransportDiffusion, Facilitated diffusion, Active transport
Plant-Water RelationsWater potential, Osmosis, Plasmolysis
Long Distance TransportMass flow, Xylem transport, Phloem transport
TranspirationTypes, Factors affecting, Significance
Uptake and Transport of MineralsPassive, Active absorption
Phloem TransportMass flow hypothesis, Source-sink relationship

Chapter 12: Mineral Nutrition

TopicSub-topics
Essential Mineral ElementsMacro and Micronutrients
Criteria for EssentialityMethods to study mineral requirements
Role of Macro and MicronutrientsIndividual element functions
Deficiency SymptomsFor each element
Toxicity of MicronutrientsEffects
Mechanism of AbsorptionActive, Passive
Nitrogen MetabolismNitrogen cycle, Biological nitrogen fixation

Chapter 13: Photosynthesis in Higher Plants

TopicSub-topics
Early ExperimentsPriestley, Ingenhousz, Julius von Sachs, T.W. Engelmann
Site of PhotosynthesisChloroplast structure
Pigments in PhotosynthesisChlorophyll a, b, Carotenoids
Light ReactionPhotosystem I, II, Z-scheme, Cyclic photophosphorylation
Chemiosmotic HypothesisATP synthesis mechanism
Dark ReactionCalvin Cycle - Carboxylation, Reduction, Regeneration
C4 PathwayHatch-Slack pathway, Kranz anatomy
PhotorespirationC2 cycle, Significance
Factors Affecting PhotosynthesisLight, CO2, Temperature, Water

Chapter 14: Respiration in Plants

TopicSub-topics
Cellular RespirationAerobic, Anaerobic
GlycolysisSteps, Net gain
FermentationAlcoholic, Lactic acid
Aerobic RespirationTCA Cycle/Krebs Cycle - Steps, Products
Electron Transport SystemComponents, Oxidative phosphorylation
Respiratory Balance SheetATP calculation
Amphibolic PathwayCatabolic and anabolic role
Respiratory QuotientCalculation, Significance

Chapter 15: Plant Growth and Development

TopicSub-topics
GrowthPhases - Lag, Log, Stationary
Differentiation, Dedifferentiation, RedifferentiationConcepts
DevelopmentPlasticity
Plant Growth RegulatorsAuxins, Gibberellins, Cytokinins, Ethylene, ABA
Physiological EffectsOf each hormone
PhotoperiodismShort day, Long day, Day neutral plants
VernalizationProcess, Significance
Seed DormancyTypes, Breaking dormancy

Unit 5: Human Physiology

Chapter 16: Digestion and Absorption

TopicSub-topics
Alimentary CanalStructure of each organ
Digestive GlandsSalivary, Gastric, Intestinal, Liver, Pancreas
Digestion of FoodIn mouth, Stomach, Small intestine
AbsorptionMechanism, Sites
AssimilationProcess
DisordersJaundice, Vomiting, Diarrhoea, Constipation, Indigestion, PEM

Chapter 17: Breathing and Exchange of Gases

TopicSub-topics
Respiratory OrgansIn different animals
Human Respiratory SystemStructure, Conducting portion, Respiratory portion
Mechanism of BreathingInspiration, Expiration
Respiratory VolumesTidal volume, IRV, ERV, Residual volume, Capacities
Exchange of GasesPartial pressure, Diffusion
Transport of GasesO2 transport, CO2 transport, Chloride shift
Regulation of RespirationNeural, Chemical
DisordersAsthma, Emphysema, Occupational diseases

Chapter 18: Body Fluids and Circulation

TopicSub-topics
BloodPlasma, Formed elements - RBC, WBC, Platelets
Blood GroupsABO, Rh factor
CoagulationMechanism
LymphComposition, Functions
Circulatory PathwaysOpen, Closed
Human Circulatory SystemHeart structure, Blood vessels
Cardiac CyclePhases, Cardiac output
Double CirculationSystemic, Pulmonary
Regulation of Cardiac ActivityNeural, Hormonal
DisordersHypertension, CAD, Angina, Heart failure

Chapter 19: Excretory Products and Their Elimination

TopicSub-topics
Modes of ExcretionAmmonotelic, Ureotelic, Uricotelic
Human Excretory SystemStructure - Kidney, Ureter, Bladder, Urethra
NephronStructure, Types
Urine FormationUltrafiltration, Reabsorption, Secretion
Counter Current MechanismIn loop of Henle, Vasa recta
Regulation of Kidney FunctionADH, Aldosterone, ANF
MicturitionProcess
Other Excretory OrgansLungs, Liver, Skin
DisordersUremia, Renal failure, Kidney stones
DialysisPrinciple, Types

Chapter 20: Locomotion and Movement

TopicSub-topics
Types of MovementAmoeboid, Ciliary, Muscular
Skeletal SystemAxial skeleton, Appendicular skeleton
JointsTypes - Fibrous, Cartilaginous, Synovial
Muscular SystemTypes of muscles
Skeletal MuscleStructure - Sarcomere, Myofilaments
Muscle ContractionSliding filament theory, Mechanism
DisordersMyasthenia gravis, Tetany, Muscular dystrophy, Arthritis, Osteoporosis, Gout

Chapter 21: Neural Control and Coordination

TopicSub-topics
Neural SystemStructure, Types of neurons
Central Nervous SystemBrain - Forebrain, Midbrain, Hindbrain; Spinal cord
Peripheral Nervous SystemCranial nerves, Spinal nerves
Reflex ActionReflex arc
Sensory ReceptionTypes of receptors
EyeStructure, Mechanism of vision, Disorders
EarStructure, Mechanism of hearing, Balance

Chapter 22: Chemical Coordination and Integration

TopicSub-topics
Endocrine GlandsTypes, Characteristics
HypothalamusHormones, Functions
Pituitary GlandAnterior, Posterior - Hormones and functions
Pineal GlandMelatonin
Thyroid GlandT3, T4, Calcitonin
Parathyroid GlandPTH
ThymusThymosin
Adrenal GlandCortex - Glucocorticoids, Mineralocorticoids; Medulla - Adrenaline, Noradrenaline
PancreasInsulin, Glucagon
GonadsTestosterone, Estrogen, Progesterone
Hormone ActionMechanism
DisordersDwarfism, Acromegaly, Goitre, Diabetes, Addison's disease

Class 12 Biology Syllabus for NEET 2025

Unit 6: Reproduction

Chapter 1: Reproduction in Organisms

TopicSub-topics
Modes of ReproductionAsexual, Sexual
Asexual ReproductionBinary fission, Sporulation, Budding, Gemmule formation, Fragmentation, Vegetative propagation
Sexual ReproductionEvents - Pre-fertilization, Fertilization, Post-fertilization

Chapter 2: Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants

TopicSub-topics
FlowerStructure, Pre-fertilization events
StamenStructure, Microsporogenesis, Pollen grain
PistilStructure, Megasporogenesis, Embryo sac
PollinationTypes - Self, Cross; Agents
Outbreeding DevicesSelf-incompatibility, Dichogamy
Pollen-Pistil InteractionRecognition, Germination
Double FertilizationSyngamy, Triple fusion
Post-fertilization EventsEndosperm, Embryo development
SeedStructure, Dormancy
FruitTypes, Formation
ApomixisTypes, Significance
PolyembryonyConcept, Examples

Chapter 3: Human Reproduction

TopicSub-topics
Male Reproductive SystemTestes, Accessory ducts, Accessory glands, External genitalia
Female Reproductive SystemOvaries, Oviducts, Uterus, External genitalia, Mammary glands
GametogenesisSpermatogenesis, Oogenesis
Menstrual CyclePhases, Hormonal control
FertilizationProcess, Events
ImplantationProcess
PregnancyPlacenta formation, Embryonic development
ParturitionProcess, Hormones involved
LactationHormonal control

Chapter 4: Reproductive Health

TopicSub-topics
Reproductive HealthDefinition, Problems
Population ExplosionCauses, Effects
Birth ControlNatural methods, Barrier methods, IUDs, Hormonal methods, Surgical methods
Medical Termination of PregnancyIndications
STDsAIDS, Gonorrhoea, Syphilis, Hepatitis B
InfertilityCauses, Assisted reproductive technologies - IVF, ZIFT, GIFT

Unit 7: Genetics and Evolution

Chapter 5: Principles of Inheritance and Variation

TopicSub-topics
Mendel's LawsLaw of Dominance, Segregation, Independent Assortment
Monohybrid CrossGenotypic and Phenotypic ratios
Dihybrid Cross9:3:3:1 ratio
Deviations from Mendelian RatiosIncomplete dominance, Co-dominance, Multiple alleles
PleiotropyConcept, Examples
Chromosomal Theory of InheritanceEvidence
Linkage and Crossing OverConcept, Recombination frequency
Sex DeterminationXY, ZW, Haplodiploidy
MutationTypes - Chromosomal, Point mutations
Genetic DisordersMendelian - Haemophilia, Colour blindness, Sickle cell; Chromosomal - Down's, Turner's, Klinefelter's

Chapter 6: Molecular Basis of Inheritance

TopicSub-topics
DNAStructure, Packaging in chromosomes
Search for Genetic MaterialGriffith's experiment, Avery's experiment, Hershey-Chase experiment
DNA ReplicationSemiconservative, Enzymes involved, Process
TranscriptionProcess, Genetic code
TranslationProcess, Role of tRNA, rRNA, mRNA
Lac OperonStructure, Regulation
Human Genome ProjectGoals, Methodology, Salient features
DNA FingerprintingTechnique, Applications

Chapter 7: Evolution

TopicSub-topics
Origin of LifeTheories - Abiogenesis, Biogenesis, Chemical evolution
Evidence of EvolutionPaleontological, Comparative anatomy, Molecular
Theories of EvolutionLamarckism, Darwinism, Neo-Darwinism
Mechanism of EvolutionVariation, Natural selection, Genetic drift
Hardy-Weinberg PrincipleConcept, Factors affecting equilibrium
Types of Natural SelectionStabilizing, Directional, Disruptive
SpeciationTypes, Reproductive isolation
Human EvolutionStages, Features

Unit 8: Biology and Human Welfare

Chapter 8: Human Health and Disease

TopicSub-topics
Common DiseasesTyphoid, Pneumonia, Common cold, Malaria, Amoebiasis, Ascariasis, Elephantiasis, Ringworm
ImmunityInnate, Acquired
Types of Acquired ImmunityActive, Passive
VaccinationPrinciple, Types
AIDSCausative agent, Transmission, Prevention
CancerTypes, Causes, Treatment
Drugs and Alcohol AbuseTypes, Effects, Prevention

Chapter 9: Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production

TopicSub-topics
Animal HusbandryDairy, Poultry, Fisheries, Apiculture
Plant BreedingSteps, Applications
Bio-fortificationConcept, Examples
Single Cell ProteinProduction, Uses
Tissue CultureMicropropagation, Somatic hybridization

Chapter 10: Microbes in Human Welfare

TopicSub-topics
Microbes in Household ProductsCurd, Bread, Beverages
Microbes in Industrial ProductionAntibiotics, Chemicals, Enzymes
Microbes in Sewage TreatmentPrimary, Secondary, Tertiary treatment
Microbes in Biogas ProductionMethanogens, Biogas plant
Microbes as Biocontrol AgentsBiopesticides, Bioinsecticides
Microbes as BiofertilizersRhizobium, Azospirillum, Mycorrhiza

Unit 9: Biotechnology

Chapter 11: Biotechnology: Principles and Processes

TopicSub-topics
Principles of BiotechnologyGenetic engineering, Bioprocess engineering
Tools of rDNA TechnologyRestriction enzymes, Cloning vectors, Host organisms
Processes of rDNA TechnologyIsolation of DNA, Cutting, Amplification, Insertion, Transformation, Selection
PCRSteps, Applications
Gel ElectrophoresisPrinciple, Procedure
BioreactorsTypes, Stirred tank, Sparged tank
Downstream ProcessingSteps

Chapter 12: Biotechnology and Its Applications

TopicSub-topics
Applications in AgricultureBt cotton, Pest resistant plants, RNAi
Applications in MedicineInsulin, Gene therapy, Vaccines, Molecular diagnosis
Transgenic AnimalsPurpose, Examples
Ethical IssuesBiopiracy, GMOs, Patents

Unit 10: Ecology

Chapter 13: Organisms and Populations

TopicSub-topics
EcologyDefinition, Levels of organization
Abiotic FactorsTemperature, Water, Light, Soil
Responses to Abiotic FactorsRegulate, Conform, Migrate, Suspend
AdaptationsMorphological, Physiological, Behavioral
Population AttributesSize, Density, Birth rate, Death rate, Sex ratio, Age distribution
Population GrowthExponential, Logistic
Population InteractionsMutualism, Competition, Predation, Parasitism, Commensalism, Amensalism

Chapter 14: Ecosystem

TopicSub-topics
Ecosystem StructureBiotic, Abiotic components
ProductivityGPP, NPP, Secondary productivity
DecompositionProcess, Factors affecting
Energy FlowFood chain, Food web, Trophic levels
Ecological PyramidsNumbers, Biomass, Energy
Ecological SuccessionPrimary, Secondary
Nutrient CyclingCarbon cycle, Phosphorus cycle
Ecosystem ServicesTypes, Importance

Chapter 15: Biodiversity and Conservation

TopicSub-topics
BiodiversityGenetic, Species, Ecological
Patterns of BiodiversityLatitudinal, Species-Area relationship
Importance of BiodiversityEcosystem services
Biodiversity LossCauses - Habitat loss, Fragmentation, Over-exploitation, Invasive species, Co-extinctions
Biodiversity ConservationIn-situ, Ex-situ
Protected AreasNational parks, Sanctuaries, Biosphere reserves
HotspotsCriteria, Indian hotspots

Chapter 16: Environmental Issues

TopicSub-topics
Air PollutionCauses, Effects, Control
Water PollutionCauses, Effects, BOD, Eutrophication
Solid Waste ManagementTypes, Methods
AgrochemicalsPesticides, Biomagnification
Radioactive WasteHazards, Disposal
Greenhouse EffectCauses, Global warming
Ozone DepletionCauses, Effects
DeforestationCauses, Effects
Environmental MovementsChipko, Appiko

NEET 2025 Biology Preparation Tips

1. Master NCERT First

  • Read every line, example, and diagram
  • 95% of NEET questions come from NCERT
  • Make notes while reading

2. Focus on High-Weightage Units

  • Human Physiology: 20-24% questions
  • Genetics: 17-20% questions
  • Ecology: 11-13% questions
  • Reproduction: 11-13% questions

3. Practice Previous Year Questions

  • Solve last 10 years NEET papers
  • Identify repeated concepts
  • Analyze your weak areas

4. Revision Strategy

  • Daily diagram practice (5 diagrams minimum)
  • Weekly chapter revision
  • Monthly full-syllabus test

5. Important Resources

  • NCERT Class 11 & 12 Biology
  • NCERT Exemplar
  • Previous year NEET papers
  • Mock tests from reliable sources

Frequently Asked Questions

Is NEET 2025 syllabus same as 2024?

Yes, NTA has not announced any changes in the NEET 2025 Biology syllabus. It remains based on Class 11 and 12 NCERT.

How many chapters are in NEET Biology?

NEET Biology covers 38 chapters - 22 from Class 11 and 16 from Class 12 NCERT.

Which class has more weightage in NEET Biology?

Class 12 has slightly higher weightage (55%) compared to Class 11 (45%), but both are equally important.

Can I score 360 in NEET Biology?

Yes, with thorough NCERT reading, consistent practice, and strategic revision, scoring 340+ is achievable.


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